Notice how the highlighted region shrinks at each step. The algorithm never examines points outside the narrowing window. In a balanced tree with nnn points, this takes about log4(n)\log_4(n)log4(n) steps. For a million points, that's roughly 10 steps instead of a million comparisons.
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This decision seems to be one of the more hotly-contested among ergo enthusiasts. A conventional keyboard has staggered keys, with each row slightly offset to the rows above and below it — so the A key is about halfway between the Q and W above it. This is a holdover from vintage mechanical typewriters, in which each press activated a hammer that smashed ink onto paper in the shape of a letter. To fit the hammers as close together as possible, while still allowing for finger pads, the keys were staggered.